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Title: How "Little Red Dots" Broke the Universe (and how we're unbreaking it)

Abstract: One of the biggest mysteries of the early era of JWST's operation has been "Little Red Dots," compact sources with strange V shaped spectral energy distributions and broad emission lines. These sources have been incredibly hard to model, and over the course of three years, leading theories have ranged from over-massive galaxies that assembled Milky Way levels of stellar mass in the first Gyr of cosmic time to over-massive active galactic nuclei that defy models of black hole assembly. I will walk through the brief history of discover in this sources, demonstrating how we have slowly been getting closer and closer to understanding them by leveraging JWST, ALMA, and several other observatories to constrain their panchromatic spectral energy distribution. I will discuss our current best understanding of these sources, and how we might move forward to incorporate them into our picture of galaxy and black hole assembly.

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Abstract:
We now believe that every large galaxy hosts a supermassive black
hole at its core, with masses ranging from millions to billions of
times that of our Sun. At times, these black holes are actively
accreting, causing the nuclei of the galaxies to shine brightly
across the electromagnetic spectrum. However, in many, perhaps
most quasars, obscuring material along the line of sight shields
us from directly viewing the inner nucleus. This obscuring material
is heated, and emits strongly in the mid-infrared. The Wide-field
Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, has recently mapped the entire
sky in mid-infrared light with exquisite depth and clarity. WISE
has allowed us to find luminous quasars across the whole sky due
to this heated material, more than tripling the number of quasars
known. I will discuss several surprising new insights into quasars
that have come out of this work. In brief, the dominant paradigms
do not match our observations, with potentially important implications
for the role of quasars in the growth of galaxies. I will conclude
by discussing how these studies will be further enabled by the
Euclid and WFIRST satellites.